Dynamic Influence of Urbanization on Inclusive Green Growth in Belt and Road Countries: The Moderating Role of Governance

The strategic objective of this study was to determine the influence urbanization on inclusive green growth (IGG) with moderating impact governance while considering household consumption, exchange rate, per capita income, and unemployment rate as control variables. data set consisted years 2004–2019 for 64 countries along Belt Road (BRI) region. outcomes two-step system generalized method moments (GMM) robust D-K regression methodology confirmed significantly positive dynamic nature growth. Urbanization showed a significant but negative growth, indicating environmental degradation due unplanned urban role also depicted impact, emphasizing need transparent framework BRI utilize resources effectively. Moreover, interaction term improvement toward Besides this, income played role, consumption had Further, impacted insignificantly Hence, it is evident that urbanization, good governance, employment opportunities are required promote sustainable in countries. research identifies factors sustainability/IGG.